Botox

Welcome to Perpetual Aesthetics, a leading provider of aesthetic medicine treatments based in the heart of London. At Perpetual Aesthetics, we are dedicated to providing state-of-the-art services to enhance your natural beauty and promote your wellbeing. Our expert team of clinicians specialise in a range of treatments tailored to the unique needs of each client, ensuring personalised care and exceptional results.

In this comprehensive guide, we look at one of our most popular treatments – Botox. Renowned for its effectiveness in reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, Botox has become a cornerstone of aesthetic medicine. However, the benefits of Botox extend beyond cosmetic enhancements, offering solutions to a wide range of medical conditions.

This article aims to provide you with a thorough understanding of Botox treatments. We will cover what Botox is, its many benefits, potential side effects and the overall treatment procedure. We will also discuss the expected results, how to maintain them and the frequency of treatments required to maintain your youthful appearance.

Whether you are considering your first Botox treatment or want to improve your knowledge of ongoing care, this guide will provide you with the essential information you need to make informed decisions about your aesthetic health. Let’s explore how Botox can be a transformative part of your beauty regimen while ensuring safety and the highest standards of care.

What is Botox?

Botox, scientifically known as botulinum toxin, is a naturally occurring protein derived from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. In aesthetic medicine, Botox is best known for its ability to temporarily paralyse muscles, making it an effective treatment for reducing the appearance of facial wrinkles and fine lines.

The science behind Botox

When injected in small, controlled doses, Botox blocks the nerve signals that cause muscles to contract. This muscle relaxation leads to a smoother, more youthful appearance of the skin. The effects are seen primarily in dynamic areas of the face where wrinkles form as a result of repetitive movements – such as crow’s feet around the eyes, forehead lines and frown lines between the eyebrows.

Historical background

Although widely recognised today for its cosmetic benefits, the discovery of Botox’s potential came from its initial medical use. Originally approved for therapeutic purposes, such as treating muscle spasms and eye disorders, Botox was later found to have cosmetic applications when doctors observed the smoothing of facial lines in treated areas. This serendipitous discovery led to its approval for aesthetic use, making it one of the world’s most popular non-surgical cosmetic treatments.

Botox as a treatment solution

Botox treatments have been praised not only for their effectiveness but also for their versatility. While most commonly used to treat signs of ageing such as wrinkles and fine lines, Botox has also been used to treat several medical conditions, including chronic migraines, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) and muscle spasticity. Its ability to provide relief for a wide range of problems underlines its importance as a versatile medical treatment.

Botox stands out in the field of aesthetic medicine for its dual role in improving cosmetic appearance and providing therapeutic relief. As we continue to explore the benefits and considerations of Botox treatments, it remains a testament to the advancement of medical science, offering individuals options to look and feel their best.

Botox injection

The Benefits of Botox

Botox is not only a leading solution for cosmetic enhancement, it also offers a wide range of benefits, both aesthetic and therapeutic. Here’s a closer look at the benefits of choosing Botox:

Cosmetic enhancements

Reduction of facial wrinkles: Botox is best known for its ability to smooth out wrinkles and fine lines, including forehead lines, crow’s feet and frown lines between the eyebrows. By relaxing the underlying muscles, Botox effectively reduces existing lines and prevents the formation of new lines with continued use.

Preventing ageing: Starting Botox treatments in your late 20s or early 30s can act as a preventative measure to reduce the onset of wrinkles. It limits the facial muscle movements that contribute to the formation of lines, helping to maintain a youthful appearance for longer.

Subtle Lift: In some cases, strategic placement of Botox can provide a subtle lift to areas such as the eyebrows and corners of the mouth. This non-surgical “lift” can enhance facial expressions and provide a refreshed, more alert appearance.

Therapeutic applications

Chronic migraine relief: Botox is approved for the treatment of chronic migraines. Regular injections can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of migraine headaches, improving the quality of life of those affected.

Treatment of hyperhidrosis: For people who suffer from excessive sweating, Botox offers a valuable solution. By blocking the nerves that activate sweat glands, particularly in areas such as the armpits, hands and feet, Botox can provide relief from this often socially and professionally inhibiting condition.

Control of muscle spasms: Botox helps treat conditions associated with muscle spasms, including certain neurological disorders. It provides muscle relaxation and relieves discomfort in the affected areas.

Additional benefits

Minimal downtime: One of the most attractive aspects of Botox is the minimal downtime required after treatment. Most people can return to their daily activities immediately after the procedure, making it a convenient option for those with busy lifestyles.

Quick procedure: A Botox session typically lasts only about 15 to 30 minutes, with results visible within a few days and full effects seen in about two weeks.

Highly customisable: Botox treatments can be tailored to the specific needs and desired results of each patient. The dosage and specific areas of application can be adjusted to provide natural-looking results that enhance an individual’s unique facial features.

By offering both aesthetic improvements and relief from various medical conditions, Botox serves as a versatile treatment that promotes both beauty and wellness. As we move forward, we will also look at the potential side effects and important safety information to ensure that candidates for Botox treatment can make informed decisions about their care.

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botox effects

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Potential Side Effects and Considerations

While Botox is widely considered to be a safe and effective treatment when administered by qualified professionals, it’s important for potential patients to be aware of the potential side effects and considerations associated with its use. Here’s an overview to help you make an informed decision.

Common side effects

Mild bruising and swelling: These are the most common side effects and usually occur at the injection site. They usually go away quickly, often within a few days.

Headache: Some people may experience a mild headache after treatment, which can usually be treated with over-the-counter pain relievers.

Redness: Temporary redness at the injection sites is not uncommon immediately after the procedure.

Less common side effects

Drooping eyelids or eyebrows: Incorrectly placed injections can affect nearby muscles, causing temporary drooping. This side effect is usually rare if the treatment is carried out by an experienced practitioner.

Muscle weakness: Temporary weakness in the treated muscles is a possible side effect that usually resolves on its own over time.

Flu-like symptoms: A small number of patients report experiencing flu-like symptoms for a few days after receiving Botox injections.

Rare complications

Difficulty swallowing or breathing: These are serious side effects that can occur especially if the Botox spreads beyond the treatment area. Immediate medical attention is required if these symptoms are observed.

Vision problems: Very rarely, some people may experience blurred or double vision after treatment. Contact your doctor if these symptoms persist.

Important considerations

Allergic reactions: Although rare, allergic reactions to Botox can occur. Symptoms such as itching, rash, red hives, or asthma symptoms including wheezing or dizziness require immediate medical attention.

Pre-existing conditions: Patients with certain neurological or muscular conditions should discuss their conditions thoroughly with their physician before receiving Botox as these conditions may increase the risk of serious side effects.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Botox is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to the lack of extensive research in these groups.

Choosing the right practitioner

The experience and qualifications of the practitioner play a crucial role in minimising the risks. It is important to choose a provider who is licensed and has a thorough understanding of facial anatomy and the pharmacology of Botox.

Ensure that your practitioner provides a comprehensive consultation to discuss all aspects of the treatment, including a detailed review of your medical history.

Although the side effects of Botox are usually mild and transient, being aware of them will help manage expectations and prepare you for a safe treatment experience. Always follow your doctor’s aftercare instructions and keep him or her informed of any unusual symptoms after treatment.

Botox injection

The Botox Treatment Procedure

At Perpetual Aesthetics, we ensure that every Botox treatment is carried out to the highest standards of safety and precision. Understanding the procedure can help alleviate any concerns and prepare you for a smooth and effective treatment. Here is a detailed breakdown of what to expect during the Botox treatment process:

Initial consultation

Needs assessment: Your Botox journey begins with a personal consultation where our expert clinicians assess your aesthetic or therapeutic goals. This discussion includes an evaluation of your facial structure, skin condition and medical history.

Personalised treatment plan: Based on the initial assessment, we will create a personalised treatment plan that addresses your specific concerns and outlines the areas to be treated, the amount of Botox to be used and the expected results.

Pre-Treatment Preparation

Medical review: Before proceeding, we will review your medical history to ensure that there are no recent changes in your health that may affect your suitability for Botox.

Skin preparation: The target areas on your skin will be cleaned and disinfected to prevent infection. Although Botox injections are not particularly painful, a topical numbing cream may be applied to minimise discomfort during the procedure.

The injection process

Precise application: A fine needle is used to inject Botox into the specific muscles identified in the treatment plan. The number of injections depends on the area to be treated and the desired effect.

Fast and minimal discomfort: The entire injection procedure usually takes between 10 and 30 minutes, depending on the extent of the area being treated. Most clients report little to no discomfort, describing the sensation as a mild pinch.

Aftercare

Immediate aftercare: Immediately after the injections, you may experience some redness or swelling, which will usually subside within a few hours. You’ll be advised to avoid rubbing or massaging the treated areas to avoid spreading the toxin to adjacent muscles.

Activity restrictions: For the first 24 hours after treatment, you should avoid strenuous activity, excessive heat (such as saunas or hot tubs), and lying down. These precautions help ensure that the Botox remains in the targeted area and maximises its effectiveness.

What you can expect after the procedure

Visible results: While some effects may be seen immediately, the full benefits of Botox typically develop over the next 7 to 14 days.

Duration of effects: The results of Botox can last between 3 and 6 months. As muscle activity gradually returns, lines and wrinkles will begin to reappear and follow-up treatments will be required to maintain the effect.

Follow-up visits

Assessment and touch-ups: A follow-up visit is usually scheduled two weeks after the initial treatment. This visit allows the physician to assess the results and make any necessary touch-ups to perfect the results.

The Botox treatment process at Perpetual Aesthetics is designed to be as comfortable and effective as possible, ensuring that each client leaves our clinic feeling satisfied and refreshed. Our commitment to personalised care and attention to detail guarantees optimal results and a positive experience throughout your aesthetic journey.

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What to Expect After Treatment

After Botox treatment at Perpetual Aesthetics, it’s important to understand what to expect in the days and weeks that follow. This knowledge will help you take proper care of your skin and set realistic expectations for your results. Here’s a guide to the post-treatment phase.

Immediate aftereffects

Minimal redness and swelling: Immediately after the injections, you may notice some redness and slight swelling at the injection sites. This is a normal reaction and usually disappears within a few hours to a day.

Feeling of tightness: Some clients report a feeling of tightness or a slight heaviness in the treated areas. This is temporary and usually disappears within a week as the Botox begins to take effect.

First 24 hours

Caution with activities: It’s important to avoid strenuous activities that increase blood flow to the face, such as heavy lifting, vigorous exercise or prolonged bending. This precaution will help prevent the Botox from migrating to other areas.

Avoid touching the area: To ensure that the Botox remains localised to the target muscles, avoid massaging or rubbing your face. Also avoid facials, facial massages and other beauty treatments that involve significant facial manipulation.

First week

Results will start to show: While some effects may be noticeable immediately, the full effect of Botox treatment typically takes about 7 to 14 days. You will see a noticeable smoothing of wrinkles and fine lines in the treated areas.

Follow-up: If you have any concerns or unexpected reactions during the first week, it is important to contact Perpetual Aesthetics for advice or to schedule an earlier follow-up if necessary.

Long-term effects

Maintaining the results: Botox results generally last between 3 and 6 months. The longevity of results may vary depending on factors such as your age, skin condition and the area treated.

Plan for future treatments: To maintain the desired aesthetic effect, schedule future Botox treatments before the results fully wear off. Regular treatments can also help to prolong the effects over time.

Lifestyle tips to improve and prolong results

Sun protection: Protecting your skin from the sun is important. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily, wear a hat and seek shade when the sun is at its peak. Exposure to UV rays can accelerate skin aging and can affect the results of your Botox treatment.

Skin care routine: Incorporate a gentle, non-irritating skincare routine. Products with ingredients such as hyaluronic acid can help hydrate the skin and maintain its plump, smooth appearance.

Healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, adequate hydration and regular sleep contribute to overall skin health and can improve the results of your Botox treatment.

Understanding what to expect after your Botox treatment will help you take proper care of your skin and ensure that you enjoy the full benefits of your refreshed and youthful appearance. If you have any questions or concerns about your post-treatment experience, the team at Perpetual Aesthetics is always available to help.

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Longevity and Frequency of Treatment

Botox treatments at Perpetual Aesthetics offer a temporary but effective solution for reducing the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Understanding the longevity of results and the recommended frequency of treatments is essential to maintaining your youthful appearance over time. Here’s what you need to know:

Duration of Botox effects

Typical longevity: The effects of a Botox treatment can last anywhere from 3 to 6 months. The exact duration depends on several factors, including the area treated, the amount of Botox used, your age, skin type and lifestyle.

Factors affecting longevity: Muscle activity and metabolism play a significant role in how long the results last. People with more expressive faces or those who are physically active may find that their results fade more quickly.

Frequency of treatments

Initial treatments: For those new to Botox, the first few treatments may be spaced more closely together for optimal results. This could mean scheduling appointments about 3 to 4 months apart.

Maintenance schedule: Once the desired effect is achieved, you may be able to extend the time between treatments. Many clients find that they need treatments less frequently over time as their muscles adapt to the reduced movement.

Personalised Treatment Plans: At Perpetual Aesthetics, we assess the response to the initial treatments and adjust the frequency accordingly. This personalised approach helps to ensure that each client receives the right care tailored to their specific needs.

Planning for further treatment

Regular assessments: To maintain the best results, regular check-ups with your Botox practitioner are recommended. During these consultations, adjustments can be made to your treatment plan based on how your face is responding to Botox.

Benefits of regular maintenance: Regular Botox sessions can help train the treated muscles to remain relaxed, potentially leading to longer-lasting results and a reduced need for frequent treatments.

Tips for scheduling follow-up treatments

Monitor the effects: Observe how your skin looks and feels as the effects of Botox begin to wear off. This will help you determine the best time for your next appointment.

Stay ahead of the return of wrinkles: It’s generally advisable to schedule your next Botox treatment before the effects of the previous treatment have completely worn off. This approach helps to maintain a consistent smooth appearance.

Understanding the longevity of Botox results and how often treatments should be repeated allows you to effectively plan for ongoing maintenance. At Perpetual Aesthetics, we are committed to helping you achieve and maintain your aesthetic goals through a carefully tailored treatment plan that keeps your skin looking its youthful best.

Choosing the Right Practitioner

Choosing the right practitioner for Botox treatments is essential to ensure safety, achieve the best possible results and minimise the risk of complications. At Perpetual Aesthetics, we understand the importance of trust and expertise in aesthetic medicine. Here’s what to look for when choosing a practitioner for your Botox treatment:

Qualifications and experience

Medical credentials: Make sure the practitioner is properly qualified and licensed to perform Botox injections. Look for certifications from reputable medical boards or aesthetic associations.

Specialised training: Experience in aesthetic medicine is essential. Practitioners should have specific training in the administration of Botox, including an understanding of facial anatomy and the unique properties of botulinum toxin.

Years of practice: The length of time a practitioner has been performing Botox treatments can be a good indicator of their skills. More experienced practitioners are likely to have refined techniques and a deeper understanding of how to achieve natural-looking results.

Reputation and reviews

Client testimonials: Look for reviews and testimonials from previous clients. These can provide insight into the practitioner’s skill, quality of care and client satisfaction.

Before and after photos: Ask to see before and after photos of previous Botox treatments the practitioner has performed. This visual evidence can help you assess the effectiveness of their treatments and the aesthetic style of the results.

Consultation process

Thoroughness: A good practitioner will offer a comprehensive consultation before proceeding with any treatment. This includes a detailed discussion of your aesthetic goals, medical history, potential risks, and specific treatment plan.

Personalised care: The practitioner should offer a tailored approach, recommending treatments based on your individual needs and desired results, rather than a one-size-fits-all solution.

Safety standards and facilities

Hygiene and sanitation: The treatment facility should maintain the highest standards of cleanliness and safety. This is essential to prevent infection and ensure the health and safety of all clients.

Emergency protocols: Confirm that the practitioner and their facility are equipped to deal with any adverse reactions or emergencies that may occur during or after treatment.

Communication and comfort

Clear communication: Effective communication is key. The right practitioner will make you feel heard and understood. They should be able to clearly explain the procedure, manage expectations and address any concerns you may have.

Comfort level: It’s important that you feel comfortable and confident in your choice of practitioner. Trust your instincts about your interactions with the practitioner and their staff.

At Perpetual Aesthetics, our commitment to excellence in client care and treatment outcomes begins with our team of highly trained and experienced practitioners. We encourage you to schedule a consultation with us to discuss your needs and learn more about how our Botox treatments can help you achieve your aesthetic goals safely and effectively. Remember, the choice of practitioner is as important as the treatment itself and we are here to ensure you receive the best possible care.

Common Myths and Misconceptions

Botox is one of the most popular cosmetic treatments available today, but it’s also subject to many myths and misconceptions. At Perpetual Aesthetics, we believe in educating our clients with accurate information to help them make informed decisions. Here, we address some of the most common myths and misconceptions surrounding Botox treatments:

Myth 1: Botox Will Give You an Unnatural, Frozen Face

Reality: When administered properly by a skilled practitioner, Botox does not make your face look “frozen” or expressionless. The treatment is designed to smooth out wrinkles while still allowing for natural facial expressions. The key is a tailored approach that considers the individual’s facial dynamics.

Myth 2: Botox is Only for Older People

Reality: Botox is not just for those who have developed visible lines and wrinkles. Many younger individuals use Botox as a preventative measure to delay the onset of wrinkles. It is effective for adults of all ages who are interested in either preventing or treating visible signs of aging.

Myth 3: Botox Injections are Very Painful

Reality: Most people report that Botox injections cause only mild discomfort. The sensation is often compared to a quick pinch and the procedure requires no anesthesia. Topical numbing cream can also be applied to ease any discomfort.

Myth 4: Botox is Permanent

Reality: Botox results are temporary, not permanent. The effects typically last between 3 to 6 months, after which the muscles gradually regain movement, and lines and wrinkles begin to reappear. Regular follow-up treatments are necessary to maintain the effects.

Myth 5: Botox is Unsafe

Reality: Botox has a long history of safe use when administered by qualified professionals. It was approved by the FDA for cosmetic use in 2002 and has since been extensively studied and proven safe for most people, provided it is administered correctly.

Myth 6: Botox and Fillers are the Same Thing

Reality: While both Botox and fillers are injectables, they work very differently. Botox relaxes the muscles to reduce the appearance of wrinkles, while fillers are used to plump up areas that have lost volume, filling in deep-set lines and enhancing contours.

Myth 7: Stopping Botox Will Make Wrinkles Worse

Reality: If you decide to stop getting Botox treatments, your muscles will regain their normal activity, and your skin will return to its natural state. The process of ageing will continue from that point, but Botox does not accelerate this process. Your skin won’t develop additional wrinkles because you used Botox in the past.

By dispelling these myths and providing factual information, Perpetual Aesthetics aims to ensure that every client feels comfortable and confident in their decision to pursue Botox treatments. Understanding the realities of Botox can help set realistic expectations and lead to greater satisfaction with your treatment results. If you have any further questions or concerns, we encourage you to discuss them during your consultation.

Frequently Asked Questions

At Perpetual Aesthetics, we understand that our clients often have questions about Botox treatments. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions to help you feel more informed and comfortable with your decision to choose us for your aesthetic needs.

Are there any side effects of Botox that I should be aware of?

Although Botox is generally safe, some common side effects include temporary bruising, swelling at the injection site and occasional headaches. These effects are usually mild and resolve quickly. More serious side effects are rare but will be discussed during your consultation.

Can Botox be used for conditions other than wrinkles?

Yes, Botox is also FDA-approved for several non-cosmetic uses, including the treatment of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), chronic migraines and certain muscle spasms. Discuss your specific needs with our doctors to see if Botox is a suitable treatment option.

Is Botox suitable for everyone?

While Botox is suitable for most adults, it is not recommended for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding or have certain neurological conditions. A detailed consultation with our physician will determine if Botox is appropriate for you based on your medical history and aesthetic goals.

What should I do to prepare for a Botox treatment?

To prepare for Botox, you should avoid taking blood-thinning medications such as aspirin and other NSAIDs for one week before treatment to minimise bruising. It’s also a good idea to avoid alcohol for a few days before your appointment. Our team will give you a full list of pre-treatment instructions during your consultation.

How long does Botox treatment take?

A typical Botox session is quick and efficient, usually taking between 15 and 30 minutes, depending on the number of areas to be treated. This makes it convenient for those with busy schedules.

Is there any downtime after a Botox treatment?

There is minimal to no downtime after a Botox treatment. Most people return to their normal activities immediately. However, we recommend that you avoid strenuous physical activity for the first 24 hours to ensure the best results.

How quickly will I see the results of Botox?

You may begin to see improvements within 24 to 48 hours, with the full effects typically visible within 10 to 14 days of treatment. Results will vary depending on your skin type and the area treated.

How long will the effects of Botox last?

The effects of Botox can last between 3 and 6 months. Factors such as the area treated, your age and lifestyle can affect how long the results last. Regular follow-up treatments are recommended to maintain the desired effect.
For any further questions or to book your consultation, please contact us at Perpetual Aesthetics. We are here to help you achieve your aesthetic goals with the highest level of care and expertise.

Botox with Perpetual Aesthetics

At Perpetual Aesthetics, we are committed to providing you with the highest quality of care through state-of-the-art aesthetic treatments that enable you to look and feel your best. As one of the most effective and widely researched treatments available today, Botox offers both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits that can significantly improve your quality of life.

We understand that the decision to undergo any cosmetic treatment is a personal one and requires careful consideration. With this comprehensive guide, we aim to provide you with a thorough understanding of what Botox is, the benefits it offers, the procedure involved and what you can expect from the treatment. We’ve also tried to dispel common misconceptions and give you the knowledge you need to debunk the myths surrounding Botox.

Choosing the right practitioner is crucial, and at Perpetual Aesthetics, you can rest assured that you are in expert hands. Our team of professionals is dedicated to making your treatment experience as comfortable and rewarding as possible. We believe in transparency, personalised care and, most importantly, results that speak for themselves.

Whether you’re considering Botox for the first time or want to continue your aesthetic journey with us, we invite you to contact us to schedule a consultation. Let us help you achieve your aesthetic goals with confidence and care.

Thank you for considering Perpetual Aesthetics for your Botox treatment. We look forward to welcoming you to our clinic and helping you take the next steps towards a more youthful and vibrant appearance.

Contact Us

Are you ready to take the next step in your aesthetic journey? At Perpetual Aesthetics, your beauty and satisfaction are our top priorities. We invite you to experience the transformative effects of Botox and discover how our personalised treatments can enhance your natural beauty and boost your confidence.

Book a consultation: Contact us today to book your consultation. Our expert team is eager to meet with you, understand your goals and develop a treatment plan that is tailored just for you.

Ask a Question: Have questions or concerns? Our knowledgeable staff is here to provide you with all the information you need to make an informed decision. Feel free to contact us by phone, email or through our website.

Don’t wait to feel fabulous! Enhance your natural beauty with Botox at Perpetual Aesthetics. Contact us today to start your transformation!

Your journey to a more youthful, refreshed appearance begins here. We look forward to welcoming you to Perpetual Aesthetics and helping you achieve the stunning results you deserve.

Ready to Make a Change?

Please click a one of the buttons on the right to see all of our treatments and what conditions they treat.

Author:

INP Kornelia Hauck

INP Kornelia Hauck

Kornelia Hauck is an Independent and Supplementary Nurse Prescriber and Holistic Practitioner, specialising in Aesthetics. Kornelia has been practising nursing for over 25 years since graduating from Tychy Medical High School in 1989. Curious by nature, she wanted to explore different cultures and soon found herself working for Red Cross Germany - DRK e.V.

In Berlin, she developed immense empathy skills and willingness to help others. At her work for Golders Green Nursing as a private nurse, she also learned holistic ways of treating patients and earned ITEC level three certification from City and Islington college with the Federation of Holistic Therapists membership. Her interest in education and natural ways of healing didn't stop there. In 2012, she was certified Platelet Rich Plasma Technician at Medics Direct before eventually becoming owner and director of former Korniahealth, now widely known as Perpetual Aesthetics. Furthermore, she continued her professional development in Aesthetics with Wigmore Medical to eventually become advanced Aesthetics Practitioner. At the University of Bedfordshire, she achieved her masters in nursing with the title: Independent and Supplementary Nurse Prescriber.

You can reach her at info@perpetualaesthetics.co.uk or on Instagram @kornelia_hauck

INP Kornelia Hauck is a founder of Perpetual Aesthetics Ltd. located at London's prestigious Harley Street where she currently performs her signature aesthetics treatments.